Parkinson s Disease The Loss Of Dopaminergic Cells...

Parkinson’s disease, is distinguished by the loss of dopaminergic cells within the brain. This dopaminergic degeneration is accompanied by severe symptoms, which significantly affects individuals and those around them. The rate at which this degradation; and therefore the rate at which the corresponding symptoms arises, varies among individuals. Often these symptoms do not worsen until the affected individual has reached the age of 60 to 65 years old, when the dopaminergic depletion has become significant. Before this point, it is difficult to diagnose an individual with the disease. Furthermore, a clinical approach is needed to diagnosis the disease and has made it difficult to diagnose the disease early in its progression. Recently new diagnostic methods, focused on detecting symptoms unique to the disease to eliminate this obstacle. First and foremost, symptoms of Parkinson’s disease is divided among three categorizes. The first being, cardinal signs which includes the following symptoms: slow movement, rest tremor, stiff or inflexible muscles and postural instability. The next known as motor symptoms, consist of the following: hypomimia, slurred or slow speech, difficulty swallowing, sialorrhoe, and general slowness in movement. Lastly non-motor symptoms include: autonomic dysfunction, sleeping disorder, depression, dementia, and cognitive abnormalities Additionally, these symptoms do not arise all at once. Each symptoms arises periodically. Dopaminergic cellsShow MoreRelatedAlzheimer s Disease And Its Effects On The Lives Of Millions Americans Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesNeurodegenerative diseases continue to affect the lives of millions Americans each year, with incidence and prevalence rates ever increasing. These diseases cause degeneration or death of nerve cells in the brain. These diseases can cause a financial and emotional burden on not only patients themselves, but also family members and care givers as well. Molecular mechanisms that underlie these diseases have remained relatively unclear, despite much research. Understanding the mechanisms of these diseases are facilitatedRead MoreThe Parkinson s Disease ( Pd )1058 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The Parkinson s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer s disease (Lang and Lozano, 1998). It affects about 1% of the population with different ethnic backgrounds throughout the world over the age of 65 (Tanner and Goldman, 1996). The aetiology of Parkinson s disease is not well understood; however, genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role (Checkoway and Nelson, 1999). Pathologically, PD is characterised by mitochondrialRead MoreEssay about Advances in Parkinson’s Disease1345 Words   |  6 Pagesall affected by one disease (Parkinson’s Disease Foundation, Statistics). That disease is Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s takes away little things like movement that many of us take for granted. Lives are changed because of Parkinson’s, but there is hope. Through medical breakthroughs discovered in recent years, my grandpa and many others suffering from Parkinson’s disease have a chance at a better life. History of Parkinson’s Disease Signs or symptoms of Parkinson’s disease have been recordedRead MoreParkinson’S Disease. Abstract. Parkinson’S Disease Is A2430 Words   |  10 PagesParkinson’s Disease Abstract Parkinson’s Disease is a very common disorder these days. Over 10 million people live daily with Parkinson worldwide. Parkinson’s Disease was named after an English surgeon James Parkinson who wrote a detailed description essay called Shaking Palsy in 1817. The average age for Parkinson’s Disease is between 45 to 70 years old but you can also have juvenile or young onset as well. Most common symptoms of Parkinson are tremors, bradykinesia or akinesia, or rigidity orRead MoreEssay about What is Parkinsons Disease?1415 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Parkinson disease is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting primarily the patient’s motor function. The disease is characterized by rigidity, tremor at rest, bradykinesis, and decreased postural reflexes (Bollinger, Cowan, LaFontaine, Ronai, 2012). Parkinson disease was largely documented and brought to the forefront by James Parkinson, who published an article discussing the condition in 1817 (Lees, 2007). While great strides in understanding and treatment have been made, Parkinson diseaseRead MoreThe Cell Body1491 Words   |  6 Pagesknown as the nerve cell, is distinguished by several components: the soma, the axon, and the dendrites. The soma, or more commonly known as the cell body, is the semi-spherical central part of the neuron. In a typical neuron, it is about 20 um in diameter – and contains the same organelles that are found in all animal cells; a nucleolus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria. With a ll of its inner components encased within the neuronal membraneRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell Therapy1450 Words   |  6 Pagesothers in need. Stem cell therapy is one of the new therapies that are used to treat a disease or prevent it. Bone marrow transplants are one type of therapy that has been used for the treatment of leukemia for a while now. 1,6Stem cell therapy is used to replace damaged, diseased, or malfunctioning cells anywhere in the body with healthy cells. When a stem cell is introduced to a specific part of the body, that stem cell receives signals that tell it how to mimic the other cells around it. One exampleRead MoreParkinson s Disease And Its Effects1810 Words   |  8 PagesParkinson’s disease is a neurological disorder that affects the movements and nervous system of the body. Parkinson’s starts out slow and continues to worsen over time. It is estimated that one million people in the United States alone are struggling with Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s disease is a very hard disease to live with day by day. It can make simple fine motor skills a difficult task such as, buttoning your pants, eating a slice of pizza, or even turning a door handle. It affects aboutRead MoreFetal Tissues And Its Effects3570 Words   |  15 Pages Fetal tissues are advantageous in medical therapy for a myriad of ways. Most commonly, the fetal tissue cells would be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s, Huntington’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. More recent breakthrou ghs show possibilities of the use of fetal tissues for diabetes and an assortment of blood and immune disorders. (Bachoud, 2000) Fetal tissues divide more rapidly than matured tissues, making them better candidates for the experimental medical therapyRead MoreEssay on Parkinson Disease (PD)2171 Words   |  9 Pages Introduction Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized mainly by physical and psychological disabilities. This disorder was named after James Parkinson, an English physician who first described it as shaking palsy in 1817 (Goetz, Factr, and Weiner, 2002). Jean- Martin Charcot, who was a French neurologist, then progressed and further refined the description of the disease and identified other clinical features of PD (Goetz, Factr, and Weiner, 2002)

Expression of Self-worth in Homer’s Iliad - 1400 Words

Expression of Self-worth in Homer’s Iliad The story of the Trojan War as played out in the Iliad is perhaps most gripping for the focus on the role of the individual; the soul is struck by the very concept of a decade-long war and a city-state razed to the ground for one man’s crime and one woman’s beauty. As such, the dynamic between Helen, Paris, and the Trojan people they have doomed is a fascinating one. For while Prince Paris is hated by all of Troy, his right to keep Helen is challenged by none. This is seen mostly clearly in Book III, after Paris has been spirited away to safety by the goddess Aphrodite; the book ends with Trojans and Greeks alike united in scorn for Paris and his consort. In Book VII, however, at the war†¦show more content†¦No more of your hot insistence—it repels me. You must have something better than this to say. But if you are serious, speaking from the heart, the gods themselves have blotted out your senses. Now I say this to our stallion-breaking Trojans, I say No, straight out—I won’t give up the woman! But those treasures that I once hauled home from Argos, I’ll return them all and add from my own stores. (7.408-418) The importance of this speech lies less in the words than in the manner they are presented and received. Paris delivers his reply, not as a rogue prince, but as fair-haired Helen’s lord (7.409); before he has even spoken, Homer has reminded the reader of his claim. Paris is again magnificent (7.408), and yet the contrast in meaning between the usages here and in Book III is enormous. Where before the appellation carried a subtext of cutting mockery, here it is wholly sincere. Clearly, the prince’s course of action is foolish—the reader knows full well the fate of Troy—and yet there is something superhuman about Paris’ defiance now. He is magnificent in his self-worth, in his unwillingness to sacrifice his property, and thus his honor, no matter the price in blood. In placing Helen above the lives of his brothers and his people, he is refusing to subordinate his honor to anything. In this linking of self toShow MoreRelatedThe Representation Of Idealism : The Greco Romans1843 Words   |  8 Pageshumanistic culture by â€Å"emphasizing matters concerning makind and the making of this world into a better place; hence the classical tradition stresses rational and secular knowledge, liberty, freedom of inquiry, the nobility of human achievement, and the worth of the individual.† (University of Carolina Lecture). The Greeks began to create sculptures focusing on the human body that were free-standing, highly realistic while idealistic, and very life-like for the first time in history. The Greeks sculptedRead MoreStudy Guide Literary Terms7657 Words   |  31 Pagesdefeats the man on the trail 16. anticlimax- an event, conclusion, statement that is far less important, powerful, or striking than expected. A disappointing, weak, or inglorious conclusion. A noticeable or ludicrous descent from lofty ideas or expressions. 17. argumentation writing-the process of developing or presenting an argument; reasoning. The setting forth of reasons together with the conclusion drawn from them. 18. assonance- The repetition of vowel sounds in a literary work, especially

The Changeling -Fate Essay Free Essays

The Changeling Essay Question – Choose a novel in which the fate of a main character is important in conveying the writers theme. Robin Jenkin’s downbeat meditation on the nature of pity, ‘The Changeling’ has a tragic ending; it emphasizes that the ‘Good Samaritan’ Charles Forbes fails to redeem the life of his pupil Tom Curdie. He sees himself as the boy’s saviour and makes the decision to take him on holiday, to show another side of life from the slum in which he grew up. We will write a custom essay sample on The Changeling -Fate Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Yet Tom’s stealing and strangeness set him apart from the family and finally the pain of the experience pushes him over the end. The opening chapter reveals that Charlie’s interest in Tom is self-righteous: At last he spoke, in his most pontifical tones: ‘Tell me, Curdie, have you ever seen the sea? ’ ‘Pontifical’ has overtones of pomposity, and suggests Forbes’ religious nature; the first meaning is supported by the headmaster’s opinion of Forbes as a ‘pompous bore’. It is ironic that a boy who has never seen the sea can write eloquently about it; and Forbes takes him on holiday in order to ‘improve’ him. Yet this decision is to lead to Tom’s suicide. In some ways, Tom is a character we should pity; however, in chapter three we learn that he is a strong character who lives by a matter-of-fact set of ‘principals’: Never to whine; to accept what came; to wait for better; to take what you could; to let no-one not even yourself know how near to giving in you were. One therefore has to ask – why would someone like this need Charlie’s help? It is only when he is taken away from Donaldson’s court that he feels the gulf between his circumstances and those of ‘decent’ people. When he tries o ‘take what you could’ to please them, the estrangement begins. The turning point of the novel is where Tom calls the Forbes family and introduces himself as ‘Tom Forbes’: ‘I mean, Tom Curdie,’ he said; but it was really that mythical person Tom Forbes, he still thought he was. At this point in the book, he is in a phone box with the hapless Peerie pressing his face up against the glass. It is as if Tom’s background is crowding round him as he tries vainly to keep contact with the ‘decent’ family who have given him a temporary home. However, the trouble with being a ‘mythical person’ is that one has to live in the real world. The distance between myth and reality is explored in one of the turning points of the novel, when Tom steals so that he can afford the brooch for Mrs Forbes. The chapter is seen through the eyes of Gillian, who sees a truth about Tom before anyone else: â€Å"She began to realise that this suit of armour, of calmness and patience, forged somehow in the dreadful slum where he had been born, must be heavy and painful to wear. † Yet she does not tell as she wants to avoid ruining the ‘presentation’; Gillian is torn between jealousy and pity towards Tom; her sympathy grows for him throughout the book and it is she who discovers him after his suicide. The ‘suit of armour’ continues the idea that he is a figure out of a myth who doesn’t belong in her world, which indicates that she feels the stirring of respect for him, even though he is a thief. Their relationship provides a note of optimism before the bleak climax. From her point of view, Tom has a kind of nobility, even when he strikes the tree in anguish: His face was hard and aloof, like a young Prince’s out of a story book. His hand red with blood was like an emblem of eerie distinction. These continue the idea that he is someone who doesn’t belong to the time in which he lives, with the allusions to being a Prince and wearing an ‘emblem’ he has won through pain and violence. This impossible dilemma is finally solved by Tom’s tragic end. Therefore I would argue that the book considers the suffering of others and asks what we can really do for them; it explores this theme through the fate of Tom. How to cite The Changeling -Fate Essay, Essay examples

Ellen Foster Essay Research Paper At the free essay sample

Ellen Foster Essay, Research Paper At the age of 10, most kids are dependent on their parents for everything in their lives necessitating a great trade of attending and attention. However, Ellen, the chief character and supporter of the fresh Ellen Foster, exemplifies a significant sum of independency and mature, rational idea as a ten-year-old miss. The recent decease of her female parent sends her on a pursuit for the ideal household, or anyplace her male parent, who had shown apathy to both she and her fragile female parent, was non. Kaye Gibbons usage of simple enunciation, unmarked duologue, and a alone narrative construction in her first novel, Ellen Foster, allows the reader to research the emotions and ideas of this heroic, ten-year-old miss modeled after Gibbons ain experiences as a immature miss. Kaye Gibbons experiences as a kid are the foundations for this breathtaking saga of a immature miss s tragic memories of her childhood. We will write a custom essay sample on Ellen Foster Essay Research Paper At the or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As with Ellen, Gibbons parents both died before she was twelve-years-old organizing the footing of the secret plan and subjects of this novel. The fond memories she possessed of her female parent and the rough 1s of her male parent are reflected in the ideas and actions of Ellen. The simplistic and low attitude that both Gibbons and Ellen epitomize in the novel is portrayed through enunciation and duologue throughout the novel allows the audience to derive a better apprehension and personal compassion for both the character and writer. The novel is written in a short, jerky sentence construction utilizing simple word pick, or enunciation, in a watercourse of consciousness to enable the reader to comprehend the novel in the rational of an eleven-year-old miss. One short, simple sentence is followed by another, associating each in an easy flow of ideas. Edward gibbons allows this watercourse of ideas to once more stress the infantile perceptual experience of life s greatest calamities. For illustration, Gibbons uses the simple enunciation and watercourse of consciousness as Ellen searches herself for the true individual she is. Gibbons uses this to demo the reader how Ellen is an mean miss who enjoys all of the things normal kids relish and to contrast the naif clarity of the sentences to the deepness of the constructs which Ellen has such a simplistic manner of explicating. Edward gibbons and Ellen s disking yesteryear is related in the novel through Ellen s interior ideas and the duologue between ch aracters. However, when Ellen converses with other characters, Gibbons chose non to utilize citation Markss or any of the formal methods of documenting duologue between characters ; she simply writes what the character has said. Gibbons uses this to show Ellen s and her ain confusion about their lives. It allows the reader to derive a better comprehension of Gibbons own still assorted feelings about her yesteryear. The deficiency of right punctuation shows the humbleness of the formal punctuation to both the writer and the true significance of the novel. Punctuation is non the lone eccentric component of Gibbons manner, the page apparatus that she uses to convey her narrative is wholly echt. The apparatus is a signifier of a series of flashbacks from her present felicity as she recalls her suffering childhood ; these flashbacks are triggered by things in her new household that remind her of her older yearss with her relations. Gibbons usage of this unbelievable stylistic component Tells much about herself and the character that she has modeled after herself. Ellen and Kaye Gibbons both battle with the atrocious memories of their past lives, even though they live in pleasance and felicity now. Edward gibbons uses this to convert the reader of the atrocious hurting that is ever in the Black Marias of those in their state of affairs. The audience is reminded of the bravery and strength these two adult females possess and the precedency they have set for all adult females as strong and independent. Edward gibbons bold usage of such a telling stylistic component shows her openness and unruliness to assist others. Throughout Ellen Foster, Kaye Gibbons uses these stylistic elements to emphasis the power of independency and finding to the reader, because it is through these two great qualities that both Ellen, the chief character, and Edward gibbons overcame the ties that bound them to their sadness and found the true significance of love and household. Ellen Foster emerges as a heroine that has overcome the unsurmountable problems of life. This allows the reader to lay eyes on the power of one little individual, an eleven-year-old miss. Some heroes emerge gloriously, but many of them earn their rubric by get the better ofing the mundane adversities that people must confront.

My Immigrant Experience free essay sample

Italy government has a parliamentary government based on a  proportional  voting system. The  Parliament of Italy  is perfectly  bicameral: the two houses, the  Chamber of Deputies   and the  Senate of the Republic  have the same powers. The Prime Minister, officially  President of the Council of Ministers  , is Italys  head of government. The Prime Minister and the cabinet are appointed by the President of the Republic, but must pass a vote of confidence in Parliament to become in office. While the office is similar to those in most other parliamentary systems, the Italian prime minister has less authority than some of his counterparts. The prime minister is not authorized to request the dissolution of Parliament or dismiss ministers (that are exclusive prerogatives of the President of the Republic) and must receive a vote of approval from the Council of Ministers—which holds effective executive power—to execute most political activities. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia). We will write a custom essay sample on My Immigrant Experience or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The government was very selfish and was not for the people, so I have to leave the county to make a better life for my family and I. The journey to America was a struggle having to sail in a small boat of 8 people to America. We have to struggle against whether and cold night on the Atlantic Ocean, but our hope kept us alive and gave us strength to make it during that tough journey to America. When we reach to Ellis Island we saw so many other immigrants from different country. They was happy and seem like that been through a struggle trying to get here like we did. The city we have settled in was call the Bronx which is in new York city. The Bronx  is the northernmost of the five  boroughs  of  New York City. It is also known as  Bronx County, the last of the 62  counties  of  New York State  to be incorporated. Located north of  Manhattan  and  Queens, and south of  Westchester County, the Bronx is the only borough that is located primarily on the  mainland  (a very small portion of Manhattan, the  Marble Hill neighborhood, is physically located on the mainland, due to the rerouting of the  Harlem River  in 1897). The Bronxs population is 1,400,761 according to the  2010 United States Census. [1]The borough has a land area of 42 square miles (109  km2), making it the fourth-largest in land area of the five boroughs, the fourth most populated, and the third-highest in  density of population. ( From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia). The Racist attitudes were very friendly because most of the population there where immigrants and they were happy to be free like I am. The tenement building on individual 25 by 100  foot lots combined to produce extremely high land coverage, including back building. Prior to the 1867 law, tenements often covered more than 90 percent of the lot, were 5 or 6 stories high, and had 18 rooms per floor of which only 2 received direct sunlight. Yards were a few feet wide and filled with privies where they had not been entirely eliminated. Interior rooms were unventilated. Many of the other immigrants from Italy worked in construct and made low wages because we were immigrants. The jobs consist of long hours and a lot of traveling. It was a better living for us being here in America and working. At first it was a struggle because it was a lot of immigrant just like my family and I and it was a lot of competition in the work force but I was willing to do anything to make a living. With my being here in America I mange to work enough to have my own place with my wife I meet here in the Bronx and we have three beautiful kids (which consist of two girls and one boy). Life is better for me here in America and I still help my family when I can and send money to Italy to my other family that’s still there and I courage them to move so they can have a better living.

The Importance Of Setting In A Short Story Essays - Fiction

The Importance Of Setting In A Short Story Essays - Fiction The Importance Of Setting In A Short Story The Importance of Setting Setting is the psychological time or place in a story. Setting plays an important role in the success of stories. Three examples of this importance can be explained through To Build a Fire by Jack London and The Cask of the Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe and A Worn Path by Eudora Welty. The settings used in these stories set the readers mood. A good writers depiction of setting puts the reader right into the story. To Build a Fire by Jack London takes place on a trail in the Yukon. This setting is vital to the story because nature, the cold and the snow become the the main characters worst enemy. Nature is flatly indifferent to mankinds survival. The cold will not change because of man nor does it care about human existence. The temperature in this story is set at a frigid seventy-five degrees below zero. The main character is a man who is walking a trail by himself trying to make it to a camp near Henderson Creek where other men are staying. He was warned not to go out into the cold, especially alone, if it is fifty degrees below zero or more. The man is ignorant to reality. His only companion is a dog who is almost smarter than the man. The dog knows what he must do to survive and is the only one who succeeds. The man has to build a fire in order to dry his boot that had gotten wet. At one point in the story, the man wants to gut the dog and put his hands inside the carcass for warmth. The la st fire that the man builds is what kills him. The fire is put out by snow that has fallen down from a pine tree branch. The man freezes to death. He dies with dignity. Setting is very important to this story, without it, the reader would not learn of the common ignorant human behavior when it comes to survival in an indifferent environment. The setting of this story does not regard the man as important and is unconcerned with his suffering and death. Mankind can not control nature and our survival in it. We can heed warnings though and not chance our survival in horrible natural weather conditions. Setting in The Cask of the Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe plays an important role with the development of horror and tension necessary for readers to feel. This story is perfectly set in catacombs with the walls lined with human remains. The cavern walls are also described to have white web-work. Told through first-person narration by our main character, Montresor, it is a story about revengeful murder. Montresor deviously leads his friend Fortunato through the vaults down the long and winding staircase to the damp grounds of the catacombs of the Montresors. A bottle of wine is opened and Fortunato drinks to the buried that repose around us as the scheming Montresor drinks to his friends long life. The intense description of setting in this story is very suspenseful and eerie. Poe describes the men passing long walls of piled skeletons, with casks and puncheons intermingling, into the inmost recesses of the catacombs. Montresor buries his friend inside the wall of the catacomb and fi nally finishes his work around midnight. The last line of the story is In pace requiescat which means may he rest in peace. The setting is absolutely necessary to base this story on. The catacombs of death provide an appropriate setting for the storys suspense and inevitable ending. There is situational irony in the fact that the crime takes place during a celebration, that Fortunatos name means good luck, and that Fortunato is dressed like a jester. What is about to happen is just the opposite of what you would expect. Just about everything Montresor says is ironic. He says just the opposite of what he means. He keeps inquiring about Fortunatos health and says he will not die of a cold. The greatest use of irony is when Montresor says he is a member of the masons. Fortunato thinks he means he is of a fellow member of

Explain the federal court system in its entirety. Be sure to state and Essay

Explain the federal court system in its entirety. Be sure to state and explain each of the courts that comprise the federal syst - Essay Example The hierarchy of courts also includes several administrative courts such as the U.S. Claims Court, the Court of International Trade, quasi-judicial tribunals of the federal regulatory agencies and the military tribunals (Van Devort 2000). It also includes the U.S. Tax Court and a lesser tribunal, the U.S. Court of Veterans Appeal. The federal district court is a court of original jurisdiction; this is where â€Å"cases and controversies† are file for the first time (Van Dervort 2000). From the trial courts cases are brought for appeal in the U.S. court of appeals. The U.S. court of appeals is the intermediate appeals courts in the federal system. It has two types the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals and U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The first has limited jurisdiction and only hear and decide cases regarding questions of law and not of fact from the district courts and is also the appellate court for the U.S. Tax Court. The second has jurisdiction to hear appeals from district courts based on specialized matters such as cases arising from patent laws and damages against the federal government, and possess jurisdiction over appeals from several administrative bodies and from the decisions of the U.S. Claims Court and the Court of International Trade.

Strategic management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic management - Research Paper Example IKEA has been forced to develop a supply chain model that is very scrutinizing of supplier labour policies, putting considerable strain on in-house procurement to ensure compliance to IKEA’s no child labour processes. These can represent significant costs and restructuring of the supply chain to ensure that no products are being subcontracted from regions that use child labour in production. At a time when IKEA is concerned with cost-cutting measures, this can complicate distribution and operations, making political issues in child labour a budgetary problem. In Russia, IKEA global has been hindered by ongoing corruption that is occurring at the governmental and cultural levels. IKEA actually froze its investments in Russia in 2009 due to its anti-corruption stand and a recent scenario that involved bribes paid to subcontractors related to the procurement of electricity suppliers in St. Petersburg (Betts 2010). This puts pressure on strategic expansion plans as the company must cut through bureaucracy red-tape and attempt to gain governmental support for anti-corruption. In many ways, IKEA is at the mercy of regional governments who seem, in some territories, to turn a blind eye to these business practices. Campaigning against corruption represents a similar strain to operating budget and proper, efficient utilization of executive personnel. Betts (2010) identifies that IKEA has also dealt with corruption in France that was occurring from political groups that suggested IKEA was involved in the exploitation of French workers at its stores. IKEA received cultural backlash from French citizens on picket lines that disrupted trading with 26 French retail stores. IKEA must continuously deal with political angst in certain countries where it operates and, since the company’s supply chain is global, becomes a target of political objectives. The economic environment differs in

Price Elasticity of Demand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Price Elasticity of Demand - Essay Example With changes in market dynamics, burgeoning population, increasing competition in job markets, and rapid technological changes that out phase odd manual jobs, demand for formal education has skyrocketed over the last decade. This happens as people strive to better their competitiveness in securing formal employment. Placing the  high value on academic certificates as an essential aspect in securing any employment has led to an increased demand for further education across  the  board, which in turn creates high demand for colleges and universities, giving way to the proliferation of many institutions offering bachelor degrees and masters as well. A study on income levels among employees with different academic qualifications reveals that there are wide disparities in salaries of diploma, the  degree, and masters degree holders. Salaries increase with  the  increase in academic qualifications with master’s degree holders earning twice as much as degree holders who i n turn earn twice what high school diploma holders earn on average. Those with no formal education form the bulk of unemployed population across the country, often performing poorly paid manual jobs in homesteads, municipal councils and mining zones among other similar places. Office jobs are a preserve for the highly qualified in  the formal education, especially those with bachelor degrees and above. Management jobs are common with master’s degree holders and those with many certificates in support courses.... Other factors that affect the elasticity of demand include changes in income levels, persistence of price changes, and product demand patterns among others. With changes in market dynamics, burgeoning population, increasing competition in job markets, and rapid technological changes that out phase odd manual jobs, demand for formal education has skyrocketed over the last decade. This happens as people strive to better their competitiveness in securing formal employment. Placing high value on academic certificates as an essential aspect in securing any employment has led to an increased demand for further education across board, which in turn creates high demand for colleges and universities, giving way to the proliferation of many institutions offering bachelor degrees and masters as well. A study on income levels among employees with different academic qualifications reveals that there are wide disparities in salaries of diploma, degree and masters degree holders. Salaries increase with increase in academic qualifications with master’s degree holders earning twice as much as degree holders who in turn earn twice what high school diploma holders earn on average. Those with no formal education form the bulk of unemployed population across the country, often performing poorly paid manual jobs in homesteads, municipal councils and mining zones among other similar places. Office jobs are a preserve for the highly qualified in formal education, especially those with bachelor degrees and above. Management jobs are common with master’s degree holders and those with many certificates in support courses relevant to their field of occupation. This state of affairs places high value

The Current Heritage Conservation Policy In Hong Kong

The Current Heritage Conservation Policy In Hong Kong We can see that some valuable built heritage were destroyed in these few years; however, the public did not acknowledge the impacts of demolishing our precious built heritage and the importance of conserving them. Not only can cultural heritage enhance the uniqueness of the city, it also can contribute to the civic pride and a sense of belongings. Therefore, this study will discuss the effectiveness of the heritage conservation policies in Hong Kong. The current systems are the Three-tier system and Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance. Data were gathered by secondary research, such as governmental reports, academic theses and private sector reports. After reviewing the two policies, we found that the strategies lack statutory power to protect built heritage and the preservation of privately owned historical buildings done by the Hong Kong government is ineffective. To further establishing a comprehensive heritage conservation system, the heritage preservation experiences of Macau can provide some insights and directions to the local government. By referencing its experience, we recommend that Hong Kong can improve the current systems and the scope of protection can be extended to private historical monuments. Background In the past hundreds of year, Hong Kong has grown from a small rural community into one of the most influencing and renowned cosmopolis. By undergoing a long period of history, plenty of valuable heritage legacies can be found in every district in Hong Kong. In fact, cultural heritage can sustain peoples values and allow them to share a collective memory. Therefore, it should be considered as essential and invaluable public assets that are worthy to preserve. In 1976, in a light of protecting historical monuments and promoting the heritage value, Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance was established by the British colonial government. Some related departments have subsequently set up to protect historical buildings, such as Home Affairs Bureau (HAB), Urban Renewal Authority (URA) and so on. Unfortunately, due to prompt economic development and large population growth, there are great demands for intense urban development and some significant historical landmarks have been demolished, such as the Queens Pier and the Star Ferry Pier. As a result, despite historical significance, old buildings occupying potential sites of commercial development are regarded as barriers and cannot be protected properly by legal frameworks. Introduction It is obvious to see that the heritage conservation in Hong Kong is yielded to the economic growth and urban development. The Hong Kong government has neglected the importance of conserving heritage and some monuments cannot be maintained for the future generation under the existing heritage preservation policies. Therefore, I find it essential to look into the efficacy of the current policies. This paper aims at examining the effectiveness of present heritage conservation policies and reviewing the experience of Macau. Procedure Data for the policy paper gathered are mainly secondary data which was obtained by extensive reading of relevant journal articles, theses and reports. Moreover, I accessed some governmental departments websites in order to obtain more official and factual information which are persuasive enough to support my view points. Existing measures and effectiveness Three-Tier Grading System of Historical Buildings The Grading System, which is adapted to record heritage buildings with significant historical and architectural value, is an administrative measure without any statutory power. Therefore, the record is only kept for internal reference for the government. The Grading System comprises three grades, including Grade I, Grade II and Grade III  [1]  . Since the System lacks statuary status and is only regarded as a reference list to keep record of the historical buildings, the graded buildings cannot be protected legally. Under the System, the information provided by the Grading System will just be sent to other relevant government departments such as the Planning Department which can determine whether protect the graded historical buildings or not. We can, therefore, understand that the System is not powerful enough to inhibit the monumental architectures from destroying. For example, the Murray House, which was built in 1846 with classical British style, was classified as Grade I building owing to its valuable Victorian architectural design. This historical landmark was originally located in Central; however, it was dismantled in 1982 and relocated to the Stanley in attempt to make way for the Bank of China Tower. Regrettably, due to the lost of parts of the building, this relocation failed to reflect the remarkable historical development and architectural significance of 18th Century. As a result, the AAB decided to remove the grade of the Murray House after visiting the place. We can clearly see that even the graded buildings which declared as monuments cannot be protected properly under the current system. Thus, it is critical for the government to offer legal authority to the Grade System so that the graded buildings will not be demolished easily. Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance The Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance (AMO) is enacted in 1976 in an attempt to protect Hong Kong historical buildings. The AMO, which is implemented by the Antiquities and Monuments Office (AM Office), provides secretarial services for Antiquities Advisory Board (AAB). In the section three of the Ordinance, after consultation with the AAB and with the approval of the Chief Executive, the Office may declare buildings, places and sites, where the Office considers to be public interest by reason of its historical and archaeological value  [2]  . Therefore, under the Ordinance, the Office is responsible for declaring antiquities and historical buildings into monuments or proposed monuments, which can prohibit them from demolishing. However, the AMO does not possess effective and comprehensive statutory power to protect privately owned historical buildings. In fact, private owners have their own right to reject the monumental buildings declaring as monuments on the grounds that they consider the land market and the profit of selling the buildings more than the value of historical value. Meanwhile, the developmental potential of the buildings and the profit may decrease after declaration, which causes them be reluctant to declare the buildings into monuments. Thus, few privately owned heritage assets can be protected and kept as declared monuments. For instance, Tiger Balm Gardens, which was constructed in 1935 by a wealthy Chinese philanthropist Aw Boon-haw, built in Chinese Renaissance Style with a unique mixture of Chinese and Western styles of artistic decoration. The owners of the Gardens submitted a proposal required the demolition of the whole heritage buildings in 1999; however when the AM Office acknowledged and approached the matter, the real estate developers had bought the land and dismantled part of the buildings for the redevelopment. Therefore, it is important for the AMO to promote private sector participation in heritage conservation and a comprehensive mechanism of compensation can be established. The Macaus experience In order to enhance the effectiveness of the heritage conservation policies in Hong Kong, related experiences of other countries will be studied. In fact, comparing the conservation policies between different places is definitely an effective way to achieve better approach to the preservation of the built cultural heritage in developed countries. In this part, the heritage conservation policies of Macau will be explored; therefore, I hope that their experiences can give Hong Kong an insight into saving heritage. The reason why I take the examples of Macau is that there are lots of similarities between Hong Kong and Macau, including the high population density and rapid economic growth. More importantly, they both colonized by Britain and Portugal, which may result in both countries possessing great historical and cultural value. Thus, it will be easier for Hong Kong to seek advice from Macau. In Macau, Cultural Institute (CI) and Cultural Heritage Department (CHD) are the core statutory departments of heritage conservation. The legal classification system of built heritage, which is under control by these two departments, is consisted of four categories, namely The Monument, The Complex, The Sites and Building of Architectural Interest. Under the classification system, authorization from the government is needed before any repairs, damages and demolition; therefore, most historical buildings in Macau are conserved well. To date, 128 built heritages are preserved and classified as cultural properties in Macau, including 52 are The Monument, 11 are The Complexes, 22 are The Sites and 44 are Building of Architectural Interest. Comparing with Hong Kong, the classification system in Macau is granted with legal force and therefore the classified historical buildings will not be demolished by any parties of society. Apart from the classification system, the Macau Government has set up a Cultural Fund in a bid to cover the cost of repairing and restoring the historical buildings. As a result, owners of privately owned heritage are willing to give consent to declare the historical buildings as monuments. Moreover, the Macau government has tried their best to invest on revitalizing the historical buildings. Ruins of St. Paulo, Sao Domingos Square and Leal Senado Square, for example, are conserved and reused for social and commercial purposes. By combining the ideas of conservation and economic development, the cultural heritage can be reversed properly and have become famous tourist attractions. We can clearly see the determination and sincerity of the Macau government in conserving the heritage. Conclusion The findings clearly indicate that the heritage conservation policies are not extensive and effective enough to protect local historical monuments. Some of the policies cannot protect privately owned heritage while other cannot access their legal force to protect monuments. It can be concluded that to encourage public involvement in heritage preservation, Hong Kong have to consult other countries opinions so that we can develop a clearer heritage conservation system to protect valuable monumental buildings. Recommendation Improvement of the grading system Since some historical buildings may not be preserved appropriately under the existing grading system, I propose that the criteria of grading buildings be more objective and transparent. Therefore, it is important for the government and relevant departments to reform the grading system. Incentives to private owners of historical buildings. Given a lack of incentives and no clear regulations regarding the compensation for conserving privately owned historical buildings, I recommend that a reasonable and comprehensive compensation be provided to encourage private owners repair and maintain the buildings. Besides, tax relief which is a financial tool to help private owners to restore and maintain the privately owned historical buildings can be offered as conservation incentives. As a result, a wide range of Hong Kongs monuments can be protected for future generation. Establishment of funding In view of inadequate support and determination of local government in heritage conservation, it is highly recommend that the government provide funding to support preserving built heritage. It may be useful and effective for the government to cooperate with private organizations and non-profit organizations. Both donations and contributions can be collected as a source of funding so that the maintenance cost of historical buildings can be covered and reduced.

The Disappearance of Native Americans in California Essay -- Demograph

â€Å"To discover, understand, and encounter the cultures and intricate natures of the California Indian people, it is necessary to search the past† –Nancy Wahl. Tracing back in California history, Spanish explorers, commanded by Juan Rodrà ­guez Cabrillo, found the tip of what is now Baja California in the year 1533 and named it "California" after a mythical island in a popular Spanish novel. It is evident that from the time Spanish monarchs set foot in California, the world as Native Americans knew it was never the same again. The late 1700s initiated and marked the colonization of Spaniards in the â€Å"Golden State† which in turn provoked the massive persecution and extermination of Native American population as well as the disappearance of Native heritage and culture. As a result, the recurring despairs and adversities of the Indian population began. Professor Edward D. Castillo expresses in his article â€Å"California Indian History† that California Indians have been the most unfortunate and the least understood of all the Native American tribes in the nation. â€Å"They were once probably the most contented and happy race on the continent, in proportion to their capacities for enjoyment, and they have been more miserably corrupted and destroyed than any other tribes within the union† (Castillo, www.nahc.ca.gov/califindian). They had the largest population, and resided in the most pleasant and naturally productive lands but as we have learned, they were swept away with a most vile and cruel extermination. Epidemic diseases brought to the state by Spanish colonists and missionaries in the late 1700s to the early 1800s, turned out to be the most powerful and discreet method to surmount Native American population. The impact of the missionarie... ...populated state in the nation and is recognized as one of the wealthiest states, Native Americans are still marginalized in a third world existence, becoming the most underprivileged and miserable minority living in California. Works Cited Castillo, Edward D. â€Å"Short Overview of California Indian History.† California Native Americans Heritage Commission. April 12, 2012. Paddison, Joshua. â€Å"Native Americans.† Calisphere University of California. April 12, 2012. Viola, Herman. California Studies: History-Social Science, Grade 4. â€Å"Californio Lands.† Houghton Mifflin,  ©2007. 214-217. Wahl, Nancy "Hodges". â€Å"Native Americans Travel through Time†¦on Hwy 49.† Historic Hwy 49. April 14, 2012. The Disappearance of Native Americans in California Essay -- Demograph â€Å"To discover, understand, and encounter the cultures and intricate natures of the California Indian people, it is necessary to search the past† –Nancy Wahl. Tracing back in California history, Spanish explorers, commanded by Juan Rodrà ­guez Cabrillo, found the tip of what is now Baja California in the year 1533 and named it "California" after a mythical island in a popular Spanish novel. It is evident that from the time Spanish monarchs set foot in California, the world as Native Americans knew it was never the same again. The late 1700s initiated and marked the colonization of Spaniards in the â€Å"Golden State† which in turn provoked the massive persecution and extermination of Native American population as well as the disappearance of Native heritage and culture. As a result, the recurring despairs and adversities of the Indian population began. Professor Edward D. Castillo expresses in his article â€Å"California Indian History† that California Indians have been the most unfortunate and the least understood of all the Native American tribes in the nation. â€Å"They were once probably the most contented and happy race on the continent, in proportion to their capacities for enjoyment, and they have been more miserably corrupted and destroyed than any other tribes within the union† (Castillo, www.nahc.ca.gov/califindian). They had the largest population, and resided in the most pleasant and naturally productive lands but as we have learned, they were swept away with a most vile and cruel extermination. Epidemic diseases brought to the state by Spanish colonists and missionaries in the late 1700s to the early 1800s, turned out to be the most powerful and discreet method to surmount Native American population. The impact of the missionarie... ...populated state in the nation and is recognized as one of the wealthiest states, Native Americans are still marginalized in a third world existence, becoming the most underprivileged and miserable minority living in California. Works Cited Castillo, Edward D. â€Å"Short Overview of California Indian History.† California Native Americans Heritage Commission. April 12, 2012. Paddison, Joshua. â€Å"Native Americans.† Calisphere University of California. April 12, 2012. Viola, Herman. California Studies: History-Social Science, Grade 4. â€Å"Californio Lands.† Houghton Mifflin,  ©2007. 214-217. Wahl, Nancy "Hodges". â€Å"Native Americans Travel through Time†¦on Hwy 49.† Historic Hwy 49. April 14, 2012.